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Earning Per Share: Explained by Gemini

Saya meminta Google Gemini menjelaskan konsep Earning Per Share (EPS) dengan bahasa yang paling sederhana untuk investor awam. Inilah hasilnya…

💰 Earning Per Share (EPS): Apa Itu?

EPS, atau Laba Per Saham, adalah salah satu angka paling penting yang dilihat oleh investor.

🎯 Definisi Paling Sederhana:

EPS adalah jumlah keuntungan bersih yang didapatkan perusahaan untuk setiap satu lembar saham yang Anda miliki.

Bayangkan sebuah kue yang baru dipanggang (ini adalah total keuntungan bersih perusahaan). Kue ini kemudian dibagi-bagi ke semua orang yang memiliki bagian (ini adalah jumlah saham yang beredar).

EPS memberitahu Anda seberapa besar “potongan” kue keuntungan yang menjadi milik satu lembar saham Anda.

🛠️ Bagaimana Cara Menghitungnya?

Secara teknis, perhitungannya sederhana:

EPS = Total Keuntungan Bersih Perusahaan / Jumlah Saham yang Beredar

Contoh Sederhana:

  1. Keuntungan Bersih (Laba Bersih) Perusahaan: Rp 100 Juta
  2. Jumlah Saham yang Beredar: 10 Juta Lembar

EPS = Rp 100 Juta / 10 Juta Lembar = Rp 10 per saham

Artinya: Untuk setiap satu lembar saham perusahaan ini yang Anda pegang, perusahaan telah menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 10.

📈 Mengapa EPS Penting bagi Investor Awam?

EPS adalah alat ukur utama untuk menilai profitabilitas atau daya untung sebuah perusahaan dari sudut pandang pemegang saham.

  • EPS yang Tinggi Itu Baik: Semakin besar angka EPS, artinya semakin besar keuntungan yang dihasilkan perusahaan untuk setiap saham yang Anda miliki. Ini menunjukkan perusahaan tersebut sangat menguntungkan dan efisien.
  • Perbandingan dari Waktu ke Waktu: Investor sering membandingkan EPS perusahaan dari kuartal ke kuartal atau tahun ke tahun.
    • EPS Naik: Menunjukkan perusahaan makin untung (bagus).
    • EPS Turun: Menunjukkan perusahaan kurang untung atau mengalami kesulitan (hati-hati).
  • Perbandingan dengan Kompetitor: EPS digunakan untuk membandingkan satu perusahaan dengan perusahaan lain di industri yang sama. Perusahaan dengan EPS yang lebih tinggi cenderung dianggap lebih baik dalam menghasilkan laba.

Intinya: Ketika Anda berinvestasi, Anda ingin saham Anda memiliki EPS yang besar dan terus bertambah, karena itu adalah bukti bahwa bisnis perusahaan tumbuh dan menghasilkan lebih banyak uang untuk pemiliknya.

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How to Clean Instagram Search Page

“Cleaning” your Instagram search page usually involves two main steps: clearing your recent searches and suggested accounts and training the Explore page algorithm to show you content you prefer.

Here are the steps for both:

🔍 Clear Search History and Suggestions

Clearing your search history removes recent entries that Instagram uses to suggest accounts and hashtags when you start typing.

On the Mobile App (Recommended Method)

  1. Go to your Profile: Tap your profile picture in the bottom right corner.
  2. Open the Menu: Tap the three horizontal lines (hamburger menu) in the top right corner.
  3. Go to Your Activity: Select Your activity.
  4. Find Recent Searches: Scroll down and tap Recent searches.
  5. Clear All: Tap Clear all in the top right corner, then confirm by tapping Clear all again in the pop-up.

Alternatively, you can delete individual searches from the Search page:

  1. Tap the magnifying glass icon at the bottom to go to the Search/Explore page.
  2. Tap the Search bar at the top.
  3. Tap the “X” next to any account or hashtag you want to remove from your recent searches.

✨ Clean Up Your Explore Page (Content Suggestions)

The Explore page is separate from your search history, but it’s based on your activity. To “clean” the Explore page and see different content:

1. Use “Not Interested” on Unwanted Posts

This is the most effective way to teach the algorithm what you don’t want to see.

  1. Go to the Explore page (magnifying glass icon).
  2. Tap on a post that you don’t like or want to see less of.
  3. Tap the three dots (…) in the top right corner of the post.
  4. Select Not interested (or See fewer posts like this).

2. Reset Suggested Content (Algorithm Reset)

Instagram offers a feature to reset the suggested content that appears in your Explore, Reels, and home feeds.

  1. Go to your Profile: Tap your profile picture in the bottom right corner.
  2. Open the Menu: Tap the three horizontal lines (hamburger menu) in the top right corner.
  3. Go to Settings: Select Settings and privacy.
  4. Find Content Preferences: Scroll down to the “What you see” section and tap Content preferences.
  5. Tap Reset suggested content and follow the on-screen instructions to confirm the reset.

3. Block and Unblock Stubborn Suggested Accounts

If a specific profile keeps appearing in your suggestions even after clearing your history, you can “reset” your engagement history with them:

  1. Go to the suggested account’s profile.
  2. Tap the three dots (…) in the top right corner.
  3. Select Block and confirm.
  4. Wait a few seconds, then tap Unblock on their profile.

This action often signals to Instagram that you are no longer interested in that account’s content.

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Dichotomy/Trichotomy of Control vs. Circle of Influence: A Synergistic Approach

Imagine a life where your energy is precisely directed, your anxieties are minimized, and your impact is maximized. This guide explores two profound frameworks—the Stoic dichotomy (or trichotomy) of control and Stephen Covey’s Circle of Influence—which, when combined, offer a powerful path to achieving just that. Discover how these ancient and modern philosophies synergize to unlock a more intentional and impactful way of living.

The Stoic Dichotomy and Trichotomy of Control

At the heart of Stoic philosophy lies the fundamental principle of distinguishing between what is within our control and what is not. This is often referred to as the Dichotomy of Control.

  • Things in Our Control: Our opinions, impulses, desires, aversions, and, in short, all our own actions. These are internal and subject to our direct will.
  • Things Not in Our Control: Our body, property, reputation, office, and, in short, all external things. These are not subject to our direct will and are largely governed by external forces or chance.

The Stoics argued that true peace and freedom come from focusing solely on what is within our control, accepting what is not, and recognizing that distress arises from trying to control the uncontrollable.

A more nuanced version, the Trichotomy of Control, expands this to three categories:

  1. Fully in Our Control: Our judgments, thoughts, beliefs, values, and intentions. (e.g., choosing to be virtuous, deciding how to respond to an insult).
  2. Partially in Our Control (or Co-determined): Our efforts and actions towards an outcome, where the outcome itself is not guaranteed. (e.g., trying to win a race, preparing for an exam, making a good impression). We control our input and intention, but not the final result (e.g., the victory, the grade, or how others perceive us).
  3. Not in Our Control: External events, other people’s actions, the weather, past events, our physical health (beyond basic care). (e.g., the outcome of a race, the questions on an exam, how others perceive us).

The wisdom here is to direct our full attention and effort to the first category, perform our best in the second, and calmly accept the third.

Stephen Covey’s Circle of Influence

In his seminal work, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, Stephen Covey introduced the concepts of the Circle of Concern and the Circle of Influence.

  • Circle of Concern: This encompasses all the things that concern us – global warming, the economy, political events, other people’s behavior, our health, our job security, etc. Many of these things are outside our direct control.
  • Circle of Influence: Within our Circle of Concern lies a smaller circle, the Circle of Influence. This includes things we can actually do something about, directly or indirectly. It represents the proactive choices we can make, our attitudes, our skills, and our actions.

Covey posits that proactive people focus their efforts within their Circle of Influence. By acting on what they can control, they cause their Circle of Influence to expand. Conversely, reactive people focus on their Circle of Concern, often complaining about things they cannot change. This leads to a shrinking Circle of Influence, as they feel increasingly victimized by external circumstances.

Comparing and Contrasting the Frameworks

These frameworks offer powerful lenses for navigating life and optimizing our energy.

Similarities:

  • Focus on Agency: Both fundamentally distinguish between what we can affect and what we cannot, urging us to concentrate on the former.
  • Stress Reduction: By letting go of the need to control the uncontrollable, both frameworks inherently lead to reduced anxiety and frustration.
  • Personal Responsibility: They empower individuals to take responsibility for their responses and actions, rather than blaming external circumstances.

Differences:

  • Origin and Philosophy: The Stoic concepts are rooted in ancient philosophy, aimed at achieving ataraxia (tranquility) and eudaimonia (flourishing) through virtue and rational acceptance. Covey’s model is a modern management and self-help framework, focused on effectiveness, productivity, and leadership.
  • Scope of “Control” vs. “Influence”: Stoic “control” is often more about internal assent, judgment, and the will. Covey’s “influence” extends to external actions that can affect outcomes and other people, even if not directly “controlling” them. The Stoic would say you control your effort to influence, but not the result of that influence.
  • Emphasis: Stoicism places a stronger emphasis on inner peace and acceptance of fate. Covey emphasizes proactive action and expanding one’s impact on the world.

Combining and Summarizing the Relation: A Synergistic Approach

The true power emerges when we view these two frameworks not as competing ideas, but as complementary tools that enhance each other.

  1. Stoicism as the Foundation for the Circle of Influence: The Stoic dichotomy/trichotomy helps us precisely define what truly belongs within our Circle of Influence. Our judgments, intentions, and reactions (Stoic “fully in our control”) are the absolute core of our Circle of Influence. The things we can try to do, where the outcome is co-determined (Stoic “partial control”), are also firmly within this circle. By first applying the Stoic filter, we can more accurately identify what is genuinely actionable and avoid wasting energy on what is truly outside our sphere.
  2. The Circle of Influence as the Application of Stoic Wisdom: Once we’ve identified what’s in our control (or influence) using Stoic principles, Covey’s model provides a practical roadmap for how to apply that focus. It encourages us to proactively take action, communicate effectively, and build relationships, thereby expanding the very boundaries of what we can influence. Stoicism tells us what to focus on; Covey tells us how to expand that focus.
  3. The Sweet Spot: Controlling Our Response: The ultimate intersection lies in recognizing that even for things firmly in our Circle of Concern (and outside our Circle of Influence), our response to them is always within our control (a Stoic “fully in our control” item). This response, in turn, can either shrink or expand our Circle of Influence. For example, while you can’t control a global pandemic (Circle of Concern), you can control your adherence to safety measures, your attitude, and your efforts to support your community (Circle of Influence). These actions can then influence the local outcome or your personal well-being.

In essence, the Stoic frameworks provide the “why” and the “what” – why it’s important to differentiate control, and what specifically is truly ours to command (our inner world). Covey’s Circle of Influence provides the “how” – how to strategically apply that control to expand our impact on the external world, leading to greater effectiveness and personal growth.

Conclusion

By integrating the Stoic dichotomy/trichotomy of control with Stephen Covey’s Circle of Influence, we forge a comprehensive strategy for navigating life’s complexities. This powerful synergy teaches us to cultivate inner peace through acceptance, while simultaneously empowering us to proactively shape our circumstances and expand our influence. The result is a life lived with both profound tranquility and impactful effectiveness.

Note:
This article is written by Google Gemini, inspired by Stoic principles I read from “Filosofi Teras” by Henri Manampiring, and the famous “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People” by Stephen R. Covey. Dichotomy/trichotomy of control is introduced in the book written by William B. Irvine, “A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy”. The concepts of Circle of Concern and Circle of Influence were first introduced and extensively developed in the 7 habits book. The initial prompt I used to generate this article: Write an article that compares, combines and summarizes the relation between dichotomy or trichotomy of control, and circle of influence

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Dynamic Pivot in SQL

Berikut adalah alternatif query untuk menampilkan pivot table dari 2 (dua) tabel. Contoh kedua tabel adalah sebagai berikut:

Table_1

kodenama
T1Tunjangan Allowance
T2Tunjangan THR
T3Tunjangan Jabatan

Table_2

kodenilai
T11000
T22000
T3500

Hasil dari pivot yang diinginkan adalah sebagai berikut:

Tunjangan Allowance Tunjangan THR Tunjangan Jabatan
10002000500

Untuk mendapatkan hasil tersebut gunakan query berikut:

DECLARE @CQUERY AS VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @CKODE VARCHAR(50),
     @CNAMA VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE C_Cursor INSENSITIVE CURSOR
FOR
     SELECT kode, nama
     FROM Table_1
SET @CQUERY = 'SELECT '
OPEN C_Cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM C_Cursor INTO @CKODE, @CNAMA
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
 SET @CQUERY = @CQUERY + 'SUM(CASE WHEN kode = ''' + @CKODE + ''' THEN nilai ELSE 0 END) AS [' + @CNAMA + ']' 
 FETCH NEXT FROM C_Cursor INTO @CKODE, @CNAMA 
 IF @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 SET @CQUERY = @CQUERY + ', ' + CHAR(13)
END
CLOSE C_Cursor
DEALLOCATE C_Cursor
SET @CQUERY = @CQUERY + CHAR(13) + 'FROM Table_2 '
EXECUTE(@CQUERY)

Semoga bermanfaat…

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Get Last Item Per Group

I have a table A with a trigger for insert to update or insert if not exists, another table B with the last information for a defined combination of a group of foreign key. But, sometimes things aren’t going well and somehow the last information kept in B is not the actual last information inserted in A. So, to fix the data error, I need to get the last record from A for each group of foreign key.

Here’s how (credit to Stackoverflow.com user Bill Karwin in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1505549/how-to-make-a-sql-query-for-last-transaction-of-every-account):


SELECT A.CAPPS_CODE, A.CCUSTOMER_CODE, A.CSERVER_TYPE, A.CSERVER_UID
FROM LAT_SERVER_REG A
LEFT OUTER JOIN LAT_SERVER_REG B
ON B.CAPPS_CODE = A.CAPPS_CODE
AND B.CCUSTOMER_CODE = A.CCUSTOMER_CODE
AND B.CSERVER_TYPE = A.CSERVER_TYPE
AND B.CREGISTRATION_ID > A.CREGISTRATION_ID
WHERE B.CAPPS_CODE IS NULL

The key is in the last line WHERE B.CAPPS_CODE IS NULL. CREGISTRATION_ID is a record id which hold the information of time in a format of yyyymmdd-hhMMss, so by comparing the field with the other “imaginary” set of records from the same table, we get that the last CREGISTRATION_ID does not have any counterpart record, hence B.CAPPS_CODE IS NULL. Brilliant isn’t it?

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Convert Delimited String To Table

If you have a delimited string (usually comma-delimited) in a SQL-based application, sometimes it would be easier to process if it’s converted into table. In this post, I will show you a user-defined table-valued function in SQL that I developed for the purpose mentioned before. The function uses three parameters: the delimited string itself, the delimiter, and sorting order (‘A’ for ascending, ‘D’ for descending, and anything for original).

Here’s the code:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FT_Delimited_String_To_Table]
(
@CDELIMITED_STRING VARCHAR(MAX),
@CDELIMITER CHAR(1),
@CSORT_BY CHAR(1)
)
RETURNS @EntriesTable TABLE
(IENTRY_NO INT IDENTITY(1,1), CENTRY VARCHAR(MAX))
WITH ENCRYPTION
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @CENTRY AS VARCHAR(MAX),
@IDELIMITER_INDEX AS INT,
@IDELIMITER_START AS INT
DECLARE @TempEntries AS TABLE (
CENTRY VARCHAR(MAX)
)

SELECT @IDELIMITER_INDEX = 1,
@IDELIMITER_START = 1

WHILE @IDELIMITER_INDEX <= LEN(@CDELIMITED_STRING) BEGIN
SET @IDELIMITER_INDEX = CHARINDEX(@CDELIMITER, @CDELIMITED_STRING, @IDELIMITER_INDEX)
IF @IDELIMITER_INDEX = 0 BEGIN
SELECT @IDELIMITER_INDEX = LEN(@CDELIMITED_STRING) + 1
END
SET @CENTRY = SUBSTRING(@CDELIMITED_STRING, @IDELIMITER_START, @IDELIMITER_INDEX - @IDELIMITER_START)
INSERT INTO @TempEntries VALUES (LTRIM(RTRIM(@CENTRY)))
SELECT @IDELIMITER_INDEX = @IDELIMITER_INDEX + 1
SELECT @IDELIMITER_START = @IDELIMITER_INDEX
END

IF @CSORT_BY = 'A' BEGIN
INSERT INTO @EntriesTable
SELECT CENTRY FROM @TempEntries ORDER BY CENTRY ASC
END
ELSE BEGIN
IF @CSORT_BY = 'D' BEGIN
INSERT INTO @EntriesTable
SELECT CENTRY FROM @TempEntries ORDER BY CENTRY DESC
END
ELSE BEGIN
INSERT INTO @EntriesTable
SELECT CENTRY FROM @TempEntries
END
END

RETURN
END

Now try it with this line:

SELECT * FROM FT_Delimited_String_To_Table('Apple, Cherry, Orange, Blackberry', ',', 'A')